{"id":39103,"date":"2016-10-28T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2016-10-27T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.pcb.ub.edu\/\/nuevos-analisis-geneticos-revelan-antiguos-cruces-entre-chimpances-y-bonobos\/"},"modified":"2020-11-16T16:22:38","modified_gmt":"2020-11-16T15:22:38","slug":"nuevos-analisis-geneticos-revelan-antiguos-cruces-entre-chimpances-y-bonobos","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pcb.ub.edu\/es\/nuevos-analisis-geneticos-revelan-antiguos-cruces-entre-chimpances-y-bonobos\/","title":{"rendered":"Nuevos an\u00e1lisis gen\u00e9ticos revelan antiguos cruces entre chimpanc\u00e9s y bonobos"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Hace entre 1,5 y 2 millones de a\u00f1os, la evoluci\u00f3n dividi\u00f3 el g\u00e9nero de los chimpanc\u00e9s en dos especies: los chimpanc\u00e9s <em>(Pan troglodytes)<\/em> y los bonobos (<em>Pan paniscus<\/em>), dos especies con fuertes diferencias f\u00edsicas y conductuales. Hasta hoy se cre\u00eda que no hab\u00eda habido flujo gen\u00e9tico entre ellas \u2013es decir, que no se hab\u00edan cruzado- debido al r\u00edo Congo, que separa la distribuci\u00f3n geogr\u00e1fica de las dos especies.<\/p>\n<p>Ahora, este nuevo estudio revela por primera vez que s\u00ed hubo cruzamientos entre las dos especies de chimpanc\u00e9s, de manera similar a lo que ocurri\u00f3 entre humanos y neandertales, seg\u00fan explica\u00a0el l\u00edder del\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/biologiaevolutiva.org\/tmarques\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Laboratori de Gen\u00f2mica Comparativa<\/a>\u00a0del CNAG-CRG y del IBE,\u00a0Tom\u00e0s Marqu\u00e8s-Bonet.<\/p>\n<p>Las muestras estudiadas, 75 genomas completos de chimpanc\u00e9s y bonobos secuenciados en el CRG-CNAG, abarcan hasta diez pa\u00edses africanos, desde las regiones m\u00e1s occidentales a las m\u00e1s orientales.\u00a0Muchas de las muestras han sido obtenidas con la ayuda de la primat\u00f3loga del Zoo de Barcelona.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Los resultados tienen una aplicaci\u00f3n inmediata a la conservaci\u00f3n de estas especies ya que permiten detectar el origen de muestras procedentes del tr\u00e1fico ilegal.\u00a0\u201cMuchos chimpanc\u00e9s son v\u00edctimas cada a\u00f1o del tr\u00e1fico ilegal. Nuestros datos\u00a0revelan un estrecho v\u00ednculo entre la geograf\u00eda y la diversidad gen\u00e9tica, lo que significa que cuando un chimpanc\u00e9 es retenido en la aduana, una muestra de ADN nos puede ayudar a revelar su origen geogr\u00e1fico y de este modo podemos retornar los individuos confiscados a su pa\u00eds de origen\u00bb, dice Christina\u00a0Hvilsom, coautora del estudio, del\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.visitcopenhagen.com\/copenhagen\/zoo-gdk412324\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Zoo de Copenhague<\/a>\u00a0(Dinamarca).<\/p>\n<p>Los investigadores han podido observar adem\u00e1s que los chimpanc\u00e9s de \u00c1frica central y oriental comparten m\u00e1s material gen\u00e9tico con los bonobos que otras poblaciones de chimpanc\u00e9s. Se cree entonces que el cruce entre bonobos y chimpanc\u00e9s se produjo en dos episodios distintos: uno hace medio mill\u00f3n de a\u00f1os y otro, m\u00e1s reciente, hace 200.000 a\u00f1os.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cEste estudio ha desvelado la historia de mezcla del g\u00e9nero\u00a0<em>Pan<\/em>, que ha resultado ser muy parecida a la que se ha producido en el g\u00e9nero\u00a0<em>Homo<\/em>, lo que sugiere que quiz\u00e1s que el flujo de genes podr\u00eda haber sido generalizado durante la evoluci\u00f3n tanto de los grandes simios como de los hom\u00ednidos\u201d, comenta Marqu\u00e8s-Bonet.<\/p>\n<p>Comparado con los conocimientos sobre los or\u00edgenes y la historia de los seres humanos, la informaci\u00f3n que los cient\u00edficos tienen sobre las especies existentes m\u00e1s cercanas a nosotros es muy escasa. Adem\u00e1s, como muchas de las predicciones sugieren la desaparici\u00f3n de todos los grandes simios durante el siglo XXI, \u00abnecesitamos poner todos nuestros esfuerzos para entenderlos antes de que desaparezcan\u00bb, concluyen los investigadores.<\/p>\n<p>En el estudio, firmado por los estudiantes\u00a0Marc de Manuel,\u00a0Martin Kuhlwilm\u00a0y\u00a0Peter Frandsen, han participado ocho pa\u00edses y 16 instituciones internacionales, as\u00ed como otros investigadores de la UPF y del CRG-CNAG como\u00a0Ferran Casals,\u00a0Arcadi Navarro\u00a0o\u00a0Ivo Gut.<br \/>\n\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u2022Arti\u00edculo de referencia<\/strong>: Marqu\u00e8s-Bonet et al.\u00a0\u00abChimpanzee genomic diversity reveals ancient admixture with bonobos\u00bb.\u00a0<em style=\"border-radius: 0px !important\">Science<\/em><span>, 2016; 354 (6311): 477-481<\/span>. <a href=\"http:\/\/science.sciencemag.org\/content\/354\/6311\/477\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Doi:\u00a010.1126\/science.aag2602<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Una investigaci\u00f3n liderada por\u00a0Tom\u00e0s Marqu\u00e8s-Bonet, investigador ICREA del\u00a0Centro Nacional de An\u00e1lisis Gen\u00f3mico (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.cnag.cat\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">C<\/a><a href=\"http:\/\/www.cnag.cat\/\">NAG-CRG<\/a>) \u2013\u00a0con sede en el Parc Cient\u00edfic de Barcelona (PCB)\u2013 y\u00a0del\u00a0Instituto de Biolog\u00eda Evolutiva (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ibe.upf-csic.es\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">IBE<\/a>) \u2013centro mixto del Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.csic.es\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">CSIC<\/a>) y la Universidad Pompeu Fabra\u2013,\u00a0junto con\u00a0Christina Hvilsom, investigadora en el\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.pcb.ub.edu\/portal\/es\/cerca?p_p_id=cercador_WAR_empleatsempresesportlet&amp;p_p_lifecycle=0&amp;p_p_state=maximized&amp;p_p_mode=view&amp;p_p_col_id=column-1&amp;p_p_col_count=1&amp;_cercador_WAR_empleatsempresesportlet_jspPage=%2Fhtml%2Fcommon%2Fdetall-empresa.jsp&amp;_cercador_WAR_empleatsempresesportlet_empresaId=ENT_006440&amp;_cercador_WAR_empleatsempresesportlet_redirect=%2Fportal%2Fca%2Fcerca%3Fp_p_id%3Dcercador_WAR_empleatsempresesportlet%26p_p_lifecycle%3D0%26p_p_mode%3Dview%26_cercador_WAR_empleatsempresesportlet_keywords%3Dcnag%26_cercador_WAR_empleatsempresesportlet_tab%3D1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Zoo de Copenhague<\/a>, revela los cruzamientos producidos hace cientos de miles de a\u00f1os entre las especies existentes m\u00e1s cercanas a los humanos: los bonobos y los chimpanc\u00e9s.\u00a0El trabajo se publica hoy en la revista\u00a0Science.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":26872,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-39103","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-sin-categorizar"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.6 - 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