{"id":89877,"date":"2023-11-09T12:33:22","date_gmt":"2023-11-09T11:33:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pcb.ub.edu\/the-climate-crisis-could-trigger-the-outbreak-of-new-and-lethal-infectious-diseases\/"},"modified":"2023-11-10T16:28:05","modified_gmt":"2023-11-10T15:28:05","slug":"the-climate-crisis-could-trigger-the-outbreak-of-new-and-lethal-infectious-diseases","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pcb.ub.edu\/en\/the-climate-crisis-could-trigger-the-outbreak-of-new-and-lethal-infectious-diseases\/","title":{"rendered":"The climate crisis could trigger the outbreak of new and lethal infectious diseases"},"content":{"rendered":"

A team from the Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona<\/a>) and the Barcelona Supercomputing Center – Centro Nacional de Supercomputaci\u00f3n (BSC-CNS)<\/a>,\u00a0 has identified the mechanisms by which the yeast Candida orthopsilosis<\/em> -a hybrid microorganism belongs to the Candida<\/em> family that originated\u00a0 in a marine environment- has acquired characteristics that make it a potential pathogen for humans. The study, published in Nature Communications, indicates that hybridization, added to the increase in temperatures due to climate change, among other factors, is facilitating the appearance of fungi \u00a0capable of overcoming the thermal barrier of mammals -which until now had acted as a protective shield- becoming a significant threat to global health.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Rising temperatures and changes in ecosystem conditions, coupled with globalisation and human action, such as the extensive use of fungicides and antibiotics in agriculture, can favour the emergence and spread of new species of hitherto underestimated potentially virulent pathogenic microorganisms, such as fungi.<\/p>\n

An understanding of the evolutionary routes these potential pathogens have followed, how they have acquired their virulence, or how they have developed the capacity to infect humans is key to being able to monitor them and prevent future deadly epidemics, such as the recent COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus.<\/p>\n

In this regard, a team from the Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona) and the Barcelona Supercomputing Center – Centro Nacional de Supercomputaci\u00f3n (BSC-CNS), led by the ICREA researcher\u00a0Dr. Toni Gabald\u00f3n<\/strong>, has identified a fungus from the Candida family as a potential pathogen. The Candida fungus family are microorganisms that cause infections such as vaginal candidiasis or systemic candidiasis, which can be fatal for immunocompromised people.<\/p>\n

The team of researchers has discovered that\u00a0Candida orthopsilosis<\/em>\u00a0is a hybrid microorganism that originated from two other parental fungi in a marine environment. And it is precisely this hybridisation that has conferred certain properties, such as the capacity to infect the human body and also virulence, which make it a potential threat to global health.<\/p>\n

Published in the journal\u00a0Nature Communications<\/em>, this finding also paves the way for identifying the adaptations that allow certain microorganisms to be more likely to colonise humans and cause disease.<\/p>\n

\u201cWe have spent years trying to answer the question of what makes some species pathogenic for humans and others, such as those we have in our microbiome, not,” says\u00a0Dr. Gabald\u00f3n<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

\u201cOur results show that hybridisation\u2014a process that has received little attention so far\u2014 allows the rapid acquisition of properties that allow human infection. Therefore, in fungi, this process could be a shortcut to conquer a species like ours,\u201d he adds.<\/p>\n

It is estimated that there are currently more than one million species of fungi, most of which are adapted to live in temperate or low temperatures in the soil, the aquatic environment, trees and plants, and animals such as amphibians, fish, reptiles, and insects. Since the 1980s, the number of outbreaks of emerging infectious diseases has risen by nearly 7% per year, and fungi are increasingly being identified as a major threat to public health worldwide. And the increase in global temperatures has made them tolerant to warm environments, including the human body.<\/p>\n

This is the case of\u00a0Candida auris<\/em>, a fungus that has adapted to be able to infect people, that is also potentially multi-drug resistant and can spread efficiently in hospital environments. There have already been hundreds of outbreaks of this infection worldwide, with a mortality rate of between 30 and 60%. Scientists point out that it could be the first microorganism that has become a pathogen as a result of climate change.<\/p>\n

Hybrids \u2013 better adapted than their \u2018progenitors\u2019<\/strong><\/h3>\n

The same could happen with\u00a0C. orthopsilosis<\/em>.\u00a0Dr. Gabald\u00f3n<\/strong>\u00a0and his team have studied nine yeast samples isolated from the marine environment, specifically on the coast of Qatar, in the Arabian Sea. The researchers have sequenced and analysed their genomes and found that most of the fungi found are hybrids. This observation has led them to hypothesise that these fungi might have undergone adaptations that give them an advantage over their parental strains.<\/p>\n

Likewise, they have found that these microorganisms from the marine environment are closely related to those they have found in clinical samples. Given these observations, they indicate that the hybridisation and emergence of this new microorganism must have occurred in the sea and, from there, moved to the humans, causing health issues. How it did this is still a mystery.<\/p>\n

\u201cOur results show us that the genetic characteristics that make the hybrids competitive and able to survive in the marine ecosystem could be advantageous for doing the same in humans,\u201d says\u00a0Dr. Gabald\u00f3n<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

All the marine samples in the study were isolated in subtropical waters with temperatures between 35\u00b0C and 44\u00b0C. \u201cWe saw that the optimal temperature at which strains of\u00a0C. orthopsilosis<\/em>\u00a0grow is 35\u00b0C and that they could survive up to much higher temperatures. This observation is worrying because their tolerance surpasses the thermal barrier of mammals, which until now had acted as a protective shield, and paves the way for infecting humans,\u201d adds\u00a0Dr. Valentina del Olmo<\/strong>, postdoctoral researcher in\u00a0Dr. Gabald\u00f3n<\/strong>‘s group and first author of the study.<\/p>\n

Dr. Gabald\u00f3n<\/strong>\u00a0adds that these are opportunistic pathogens that usually infect immunocompromised people, such as cancer patients, HIV patients, the elderly, and newborns, among others, a group that is growing in number.<\/p>\n

The researchers conclude that \u201cWith the continuous increase in global temperatures and the overuse of antifungal drugs in agriculture and clinical practice, the appearance of fungi in the environment capable of overcoming the thermal barrier of mammals, acquiring resistance to fungicidal drugs and becoming a potential threat will increase.\u201d<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u00bb Reference article:<\/strong>\u00a0Valentina del Olmo, Ver\u00f3nica Mix\u00e3o, Rashmi Fotedar, Ester Saus, Amina Al Malki, Ewa Ksi\u0119\u017copolska, Juan Carlos Nunez-Rodriguez, Teun Boekhout & Toni Gabald\u00f3n. Origin of fungal hybrids with pathogenic potential from warm seawater environments. Nature Communications\u00a0(2023) DOI:\u00a010.1038\/s41467-023-42679-4<\/a><\/p>\n

\u00bb Link to the news: <\/strong>IRB Barcelona website [+]<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A team from the Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona) and the Barcelona Supercomputing Center – Centro Nacional de Supercomputaci\u00f3n (BSC-CNS),\u00a0 has identified the mechanisms by which the yeast…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":89861,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[36],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-89877","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-science"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nThe climate crisis could trigger the outbreak of new and lethal infectious diseases - Parc Cient\u00edfic de Barcelona<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pcb.ub.edu\/en\/the-climate-crisis-could-trigger-the-outbreak-of-new-and-lethal-infectious-diseases\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The climate crisis could trigger the outbreak of new and lethal infectious diseases - 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