{"id":88544,"date":"2023-09-27T15:17:20","date_gmt":"2023-09-27T13:17:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pcb.ub.edu\/chromosomal-instability-in-cancer-cells-causes-dna-damage-and-promotes-invasiveness\/"},"modified":"2023-10-04T09:50:54","modified_gmt":"2023-10-04T07:50:54","slug":"chromosomal-instability-in-cancer-cells-causes-dna-damage-and-promotes-invasiveness","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pcb.ub.edu\/en\/chromosomal-instability-in-cancer-cells-causes-dna-damage-and-promotes-invasiveness\/","title":{"rendered":"Chromosomal instability in cancer cells  promotes invasiveness"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Scientists from the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pcb.ub.edu\/en\/empresa\/institut-de-recerca-biomedica-irb-barcelona\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona)<\/a>, based in the Barcelona Science Park, have revealed how DNA damage caused by chromosomal instability allows cells to escape from the primary tumor, giving rise to metastasis. The discovery, \u00a0published in the journal Current Biology<em>, <\/em>challenges the widely accepted hypothesis that the cell death machinery exerts antitumour activity.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Chromosomal instability is a phenomenon characterised by rapid changes in the number and structure of chromosomes during cell division. It is very common in solid tumours and it is linked to the aggressive spread of cancer, that is to say, metastasis. Given that metastasis causes 90% of cancer-related deaths, it is vital to unravel the details of this process.<\/p>\n<p>Scientists from IRB Barcelona&#8217;s\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.irbbarcelona.org\/en\/research\/development-and-growth-control-laboratory\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Development and Growth Control laboratory<\/a>, led by ICREA researcher\u00a0<strong>Dr. Marco Mil\u00e1n<\/strong>, have revealed how DNA damage caused by chromosomal instability increases the invasiveness of cancer cells. The research details how such instability activates a signalling pathway known as JAK\/STAT and promotes caspase activity, which in turn causes DNA injury. This damage allows cells to escape from the primary tumour, thereby leading to metastasis.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe have long considered caspases as agents that induce cell death in response to DNA damage. However, our findings indicate that they may also play a pro-invasive role by promoting DNA damage. This research broadens our understanding of cancer biology and paves the way to exploring new therapeutic approaches to tackle metastasis,\u201d explains\u00a0<strong>Dr. Mil\u00e1n<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Chromosomal instability in metastatic tumours: three side effects<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Chromosomal instability, which is present in most solid tumours, promotes cancer metastasis through three pathways that occur as a secondary effect of the chromosomal instability itself: on the one hand, aneuploidy (or irregular number of chromosomes in a cell, which causes cellular stress), on the other hand, the formation of micronuclei (and the inflammatory process they trigger) and, finally, DNA damage (caused by chromosome breakage).<\/p>\n<p>The laboratory led by\u00a0<strong>Dr. Mil\u00e1n<\/strong>\u00a0at IRB Barcelona has been studying the role of chromosomal instability in cancer and metastasis for many years. In previous studies, published in 2021 and 2018, the team explored the effects of aneuploidy on this process. In the present work, they describe the third axis of action, namely the influence of DNA damage on the invasiveness of cancer cells.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Three causes of DNA damage<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Chromosomal instability can trigger DNA damage in three ways. First, the irregular segregation of chromosomes can cause a break in the DNA chain. Second, the imbalance in the number of chromosomes disrupts the cellular machinery, resulting in cellular stress during DNA replication. Third, as the researchers describe in this work, aneuploidy also stimulates the JAK\/STAT signalling pathway, which in turn activates caspases and causes DNA damage. When functioning properly, caspases drive DNA damage, leading the cell to collapse and disintegrate. However, the researchers have now detailed how lower levels of caspase activity promote DNA damage, thereby conferring cancer cells the capacity to metastasise.<\/p>\n<p>The first authors of this work, who carried out most of the experiments, are\u00a0<strong>Drs. Lara Barrio<\/strong>,\u00a0<strong>Ana-Elena Gaspar<\/strong>\u00a0and\u00a0<strong>Mariana Muzzopappa<\/strong>, and predoctoral researcher<strong>\u00a0Kaustuv Ghosh<\/strong>. The work published in this article was performed in the Development and Growth Control laboratory led by Dr. Mil\u00e1n at IRB Barcelona.<\/p>\n<p>This work was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, the ERDF, and the European Union&#8217;s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sk\u0142odowska-Curie grant.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00bb Reference article:<\/strong>\u00a0Chromosomal Instability-induced Cell Invasion through Caspase-driven DNA Damage. Lara Barrio, Ana-Elena Gaspar, Mariana Muzzopappa, Kaustuv Ghosh, Daniela Romao, Marta Clemente-Ruiz &amp; Marco Mil\u00e1n.\u00a0<em>Current Biology<\/em>\u00a0(2023).\u00a0DOI:\u00a0<a class=\"elf-external elf-icon\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cub.2023.09.004\" rel=\"nofollow\">10.1016\/j.cub.2023.09.004<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00bb For further information: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.irbbarcelona.org\/en\/news\/scientific\/chromosomal-instability-cancer-cells-causes-dna-damage-and-promotes-invasiveness\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">IRB Barcelona website [+]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Scientists from the Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), based in the Barcelona Science Park, have revealed how DNA damage caused by chromosomal instability allows cells to escape from&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":14,"featured_media":88514,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[36],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-88544","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-science"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.4 - 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