{"id":104041,"date":"2025-07-16T14:25:22","date_gmt":"2025-07-16T12:25:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pcb.ub.edu\/samuel-sanchez-co-founder-and-ceo-of-nanobots-therapeutics-not-everything-that-is-made-in-the-lab-can-make-it-to-the-market-the-challenge-is-to-spot-the-one-in-a-thousand-who-really-have-a-chance\/"},"modified":"2025-06-11T13:06:14","modified_gmt":"2025-06-11T11:06:14","slug":"samuel-sanchez-co-founder-and-ceo-of-nanobots-therapeutics-not-everything-that-is-made-in-the-lab-can-make-it-to-the-market-the-challenge-is-to-spot-the-one-in-a-thousand-who-really-have-a-chance","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pcb.ub.edu\/en\/samuel-sanchez-co-founder-and-ceo-of-nanobots-therapeutics-not-everything-that-is-made-in-the-lab-can-make-it-to-the-market-the-challenge-is-to-spot-the-one-in-a-thousand-who-really-have-a-chance\/","title":{"rendered":"Samuel S\u00e1nchez, co-founder and CEO of Nanobots Therapeutics: “Not everything that is made in the lab can make it to the market. The challenge is to spot the one in a thousand who really have a chance”"},"content":{"rendered":"

He says so himself: he loves to get into trouble. And perhaps for that reason, the awards keep coming his way. He has broken two Guinness World Records for creating the world’s smallest jet and has received distinctions such as the MIT Award for Innovators Under 35 (2014), the Princess of Girona Foundation Scientific Research Award (2015) and the Spanish National Research Award for Young Talent (2016). Currently, Samuel S\u00e1nchez is an ICREA professor, deputy director of the Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC<\/a>), and, with nearly 200 publications and 8 patents in progress, he founded the IBEC and ICREA spin-off Nanobots Therapeutics<\/a> in 2023.
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

Even though you hold a PhD in chemistry, you soon steered your career toward bioengineering. Do you think it was the major advances in biomedicine at the beginning of the 21st century that, in some way, influenced your decision?<\/strong><\/p>\n

I always knew I wanted to study biochemistry. Bioengineering, on the other hand, was a field I didn\u2019t know much about, even though I did my thesis on biosensors. The truth is that I\u2019ve adapted my research to the places where I\u2019ve been, depending on the environment and the available infrastructure. I started working on biosensors because my goal was to do biochemistry. Then, in Japan, I fully immersed myself in nanotechnology, and later, in Germany, I focused more on physics and materials. At the Max Planck Institute, I began my path in nanorobotics, and when I arrived at IBEC, I focused on applying our technology to biomedicine. It\u2019s not that I had a very clear plan, honestly\u2014it\u2019s been more of a mix of serendipity and the opportunities that came up. What\u2019s most important is that I\u2019ve always been surrounded by great talents and scientists, and that\u2019s been key to learning and adapting. I\u2019ve learned from physicists, chemists, materials scientists, biologists\u2014and little by little, I realized that what we were doing could have medical applications. A postdoctoral researcher once told me a phrase that I still use fifteen years later: urease moves with urea, urea is in urine, urine is in the bladder\u2014so why don\u2019t we use it for bladder cancer? On top of that, it happened that a relative and a friend of mine have this type of cancer, and all of that helped add extra motivation. So I went for it. It\u2019s about listening to the people around you. My decisions have been shaped by how things have unfolded, by adapting, and by looking for ways to make the most of the technology and the advances developed in my group.<\/p>\n

You\u2019re a leading figure in nanorobotics, you\u2019ve received major awards, and you lead both a laboratory and a spin-off. From your experience, which challenge is greater\u2014the scientific one or the entrepreneurial one?<\/strong><\/p>\n

I think it\u2019s more challenging to develop a technology that can truly be translated to the clinic and reach the market. Science, if you surround yourself with good people and have an innovative idea, eventually bears fruit. The real challenge is to dissect what it is in your research that can actually become accessible to patients. The scaling process, regulation, and getting the consensus of clinicians, investors, and lawyers is something I\u2019m learning about every day\u2014and it\u2019s exciting. As a scientist, it\u2019s a dream to see your work lead to a clinical trial in humans. As an entrepreneur, the dream is to see what you\u2019re doing reach the market\u2014or to have someone buy it. But not everything developed in the lab can become a product. The challenge is to detect, among everything we do, that one in a thousand (or fewer) that truly has potential.<\/p>\n

A large part of your research focuses on cancer treatment, and you\u2019ve already achieved significant progress in animal models for bladder cancer. What are the main challenges in bringing nanobots from the lab to the patient?<\/strong><\/p>\n

The biggest challenges now are no longer scientific, but everything that comes after. Turning an innovative technology into a real treatment means overcoming barriers in manufacturing, regulation, investment, and market access. We have a disruptive technology\u2014capable of reducing a tumor by 90% with a single dose, something unprecedented\u2014but the key questions are different: Who\u2019s going to pay for it? Will there be investors willing to back something this innovative? Will clinicians adopt it? What will regulatory agencies say? It works in the lab, but we need a company to scale it up under GMP standards and handle quality control, because what we do here can\u2019t go straight to the clinic\u2014there\u2019s always an intermediate step. And what does all that require? Money. This is where you enter what\u2019s known as the Valley of Death, because even if you have a powerful technology, without sufficient investment, you can\u2019t move forward. Last year, we secured a total of \u20ac3.3 million, but we know that to complete the trials and reach the clinic, we\u2019ll need to multiply that figure.<\/p>\n

Many imagine nanobots as tiny robots that travel through the body to treat disease. Even you describe them as “little submarines”. What is needed to ensure their safety for patients?<\/strong><\/p>\n

What we really make are nanomotors, because our technology converts chemical energy into motion; and that is, by definition, a nanomotor. The first requirement is simplicity, because from a regulatory standpoint, any system that\u2019s too complex has little chance of being accepted. When you talk to regulators, their reaction is usually immediate: \u201cyour nanobot is very complicated.\u201d And yet, it only has three components: a particle, an enzyme as the propulsion motor, and a drug. Even if the drug is approved, it\u2019s necessary to demonstrate that the nanobot is biocompatible and that neither the enzyme nor the particle causes any adverse effects in the body\u2014that is, they act only as excipients.<\/p>\n

Currently, you are obtaining promising results in preclinical phases with animal models for bladder cancer treatment. When do you think you will be able to make the leap to clinical trials in humans?<\/strong><\/p>\n

We have about a year and a half, or at most two years, left to complete the preclinical phase and move on to the clinical phase. We expect that by the end of 2026, the preclinical phase will be finished.<\/p>\n

Your technology improves drug delivery and tissue penetration. Could this be an opportunity to treat currently untreated diseases?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Yes, that\u2019s exactly the area my group at IBEC is working on. Between 2021 and 2024, we began to understand that nanobots don\u2019t just move\u2014they can also cross biological barriers, which represents a major breakthrough in nanomedicine. This is one of the main challenges in the field: overcoming the obstacles surrounding tumors and cells to make treatment more effective. In cases like lung, breast, or ovarian cancer, mucous membranes protect the tumors and at the same time prevent drugs from penetrating\u2014they tend to stay on the outside. But nanobots can perforate and pass through these mucous barriers, so we\u2019re already working on other indications where this could also work, such as treatments for the knee, eye, colon, and skin. We\u2019re opening up these research lines, and I believe that within four years, we\u2019ll be in a position to choose what the next indication will be.<\/p>\n

From your experience as CEO of Nanobots Therapeutics, what role do collaborations with other institutions and private investment play in the development of this technology? Do you consider it an attractive field for investment?<\/strong><\/p>\n

I believe we have a versatile technology that generally generates interest, and behind it is an outstanding team working hard. To validate the unmet medical need we address in our proof of concept\u2014bladder cancer\u2014as well as the next steps, we have the support of our Clinical Advisory Board, which includes expert uro-oncologists. We also maintain very close collaborations with CIC biomaGUNE, IRB, and UAB, in addition to advisors in CMC like LeanBio, and regulatory experts. Some of these contacts are at the PCB, and it\u2019s fantastic to have them so close by. Because you can\u2019t know everything, and it\u2019s important to surround yourself with the best talent. Currently, we have public and private funding (approximately one-third and two-thirds of the total, respectively), and we\u2019re making progress with our candidate to obtain in vivo data that will allow us to confidently move into regulatory preclinical phases. We\u2019re in contact with the main local investment funds and with a growing number of international funds, and simultaneously, we\u2019re establishing connections with pharmaceutical companies that our technology can help make more efficient.<\/p>\n

After working in several laboratories and universities around the world, you decided to settle in Barcelona. What makes our scientific ecosystem unique?<\/strong><\/p>\n

The PCB is the place to be. In my lab, we have nothing to envy compared to what we had at Leibniz or Max Planck: we have top-level infrastructure and a great atmosphere. Along with other excellent collaborators, we wouldn\u2019t have achieved last year\u2019s article in Nature Nanotechnology<\/em><\/a> without knowing Julien Colombelli from IRB Barcelona. Thanks to him, we made a huge leap forward in imaging techniques. Meeting someone who has complementary techniques to yours makes you want to stay\u2014and you appreciate the importance of the ecosystem even more. In the entrepreneurial realm, it\u2019s easy to meet colleagues and realize it\u2019s a small world with a good vibe. I like that you quickly learn from others and take part in the events organized here. All of this is thanks to being at the PCB.<\/p>\n

In 2024, you won a Guinness World Record<\/a> for creating the smallest reaction motor in the world. Although it\u2019s an unusual recognition for a researcher, do you think it also reflects the great potential of nanoscience?<\/strong><\/p>\n

We actually have two Guinness World Records, one from 2010 and another from 2016. The first came thanks to a PhD student we had that year\u2014it was him who had the idea to apply. But the hardest part was finding the right definition for what we were presenting. We thought: after all, it\u2019s basically a turbine, a jet. So, at that time, the largest in the world was the Boeing 777\u2019s engine, and the smallest was ours. The second record came in 2016 and was three times smaller. To be specific, the first had a diameter of 600 nanometers, and the second, 220 nanometers. It\u2019s funny because sometimes I think maybe I\u2019m one of the few people with a Guinness World Record… and without being such a geek!<\/p>\n

Finally, here at the PCB we have the Research in Society program, dedicated to outreach and encouraging scientific vocations among young people. At IBEC, you also carry out similar initiatives. How do you view these kinds of programs? Are they still necessary, or do you think science is already attractive enough to young people?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Since I arrived in Barcelona in 2015, I\u2019ve been deeply involved in scientific outreach initiatives, both with IBEC and with the Catalan Foundation for Research, the Pedrera Foundation, and others. For me, it\u2019s fundamental. I especially remember one event in 2015 at Dolors Aleu conference room, attended by family, friends, and some students\u2014one of whom ended up doing their PhD with me, and another became my business partner years later. It\u2019s crucial to reach out to society to show not only what we do in research but also what emerging companies are working on. Regarding scientific vocations, I see a clear bipolarization: on one hand, those who pursue science for the love of basic research\u2014about two out of ten students\u2014and on the other, those who look for concrete applications. Nowadays, they come to you saying they want to focus on applications in breast cancer or lung cancer. Most are focused on the \u201cwhat for\u201d rather than the \u201cwhy,\u201d and that\u2019s a trend I didn\u2019t see as much before. It\u2019s good, but we mustn\u2019t forget fundamental science.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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